Prevalence of chronic kidney diseases in rural areas in Assiut district

Chronic kidney disease [CKD] is increasingly recognized as a global public health problem. Currently, CKD is the 12[th] highest cause of death and 17[th] highest cause of disability worldwide. To determine the prevalence of chronic kidney diseases in rural areas in Assiut District, prevalence of most common risk factors for CKD and the relation between these risk factors and CKD in the studied group Two villages out of 15 villages from Assiut district were randomly selected; El Bora and Awlad Rayek. Sample size was calculated using EPI info 2000 statistical calculation version 6 which revealed that we should have sample size not less than 235 participants. All candidates were interviewed in a previously prepared questionnaire. Blood pressure measured, morning urine samples were obtained, and blood samples were withdrawn for kidney function and blood glucose level. Prevalence of chronic kidney diseases [stage 1-4] in rural areas of Assiut District is high 27.6%, prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, recurrent urinary tract infection, past history of bilharziasis and renal stones in the studied sample as follow: 15.5%, 13.2%, 12.6%, 8.9%, 6.9%; respectively. Hypertension and diabetes had high association with cases of CKD in the studied sample. It seems that there is a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease in our locality; but unfortunately little awareness about chronic kidney diseases. Hypertension and diabetes had high association with cases of CKD in the studied group

Dose related effect of systemic antibiotics in prevention of postoperative intra-abdominal adhesion formation in experimental animals

Sixty hamsters weighing 100-120 g were randomly assigned to 2 equal groups. GI was injected intramuscularly with saline, half an hour preoperatively as control, and GII was injected with 50 mg/kg Cefepime HC1 and 7.5 mg/kg Metronidazole. After a midline lapparo-tomy, abdominal adhesions were induced in GI and GII Post-operration, animals in GI was divided according to the numbers of intramuscular saline injections into 2 subgroups. GIa[15] in which animals were injected every 12 hours for 2 doses and GIb [15] where animals were injected every 12 hours for 5 days. Similarly, the antibiotic group was subdivided into GIIa [15] and GIIb [15]. On the 14[th] day, the hamsters were sacrificed and the adhesion score was determined. The 5 day antibiotics course revealed significant reduction in incidence [P < 0.01], extent [P < 0.001] and severity [P < 0.01] of the postoperative peritoneal adhesions, while the short course failed

Androgens in the impotent aging males

To clarify the biological significance of age-related decline in testosterone levels and to determine the possible risks and benefits of androgen therapy in the impotent aging males. This study included 54 male patients complaining of weak erection. After thorough history taking, physical examination, two questionnaires' evaluation for quality of life and Massachusetts Male Aging Sexual Activity, the patients were treated with intramuscular injection of testosterone enanthate 250mg/three weeks for six months. Laboratory investigations, including total and free testosterone, luteinizing hormone [LH], estradiol, prostate specific antigen [PSA], complete blood picture, liver function tests and lipid profile, were done before and after treatment. Another group of 54 healthy males with matched age group and without erectile problems were taken as a control for the hormonal status. Getting erection, keeping it and sexual satisfaction were significantly improved, although no significant change was noticed in the frequency of sexual activity, full hard erection or awaken with erection after testosterone therapy as measured by Massachusetts Male Aging Study [MMAS] sexual activity questionnaire. While sexual desire and night erections were slightly improved, no changes in orgasm, vaginal penetration, general and local genital examination were observed after testosterone therapy. Physical and cognitive problems were significantly improved after testosterone therapy while affective problems did not change as measured by quality of life questionnaire. Testosterone therapy had no significant effect on red blood cells count, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrite percentage, platelet counts, serum lipid profiles and serum hepatic functions. Although no significant changes were observed in testosterone [total and free], estradiol and PSA levels, there was a significant decline in LH level after testosterone therapy. No significant difference as regards the total and free testosterone levels between the patients included and the control group. In conclusion, knowledge of the potential benefits and risks of testosterone therapy has increased dramatically, but there is still much that needs to be determined. Beneficial effects of testosterone therapy on physical problems, cognitive problems, getting erection, keeping erection and sexual satisfaction can be found. To prove or disprove that testosterone therapy will increase the risk of developing or worsening cardiovascular or prostate disease, however, will require the establishment of well-controlled large multicentric studies